It involves a process when adolescents experience changes that occur physically and emotionally. Peer influence can have both positive and negative effects on an adolescents academic performance. In our society, adolescents are heavily influenced by their peers when it comes to dressing, musical fads, cheating, and drug use. Attitudes towards school evarist mukama 2005hd124153 a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of master of arts in counselling of makerere university kampala november 2010. The bonds of friendship develop within a childs academic peer group and evolve. For decades, educators, and social scientists, have studied the role of peer. The aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of the peer group in risk behaviours, violence, in health, in wellbeing and in adolescents feelings about school. Adolescent peer groups often are filled with peer pressure and the need to be like everyone else simonsmorton, bruce, and tilda farhat. Negative peer pressure may influence in various ways like joining group who drink alcohol, smoke cigarette and indian hemp among others. Pdf peer group influences on students academic motivation. Pdf social changes and peer group influence among the. Peer groups influence the thinking, beliefs, and attitude towards everything in life. The results show that peers have a direct influence in adolescents risk behaviours. Help your students learn to think critically about the positive and negative effects of peer influence with these activities.
Influence of peer pressure on secondary school students drop. What is peer pressure and does it lead to addiction. We advocate that an integration of social group perspectives and social relationship perspectives is essential to understand peer effects on personality development. G1751 friendships, peer influence, and peer pressure during. The peer group maybe a dominant factor to consider in academic achievement of students in school. Some of the theories emphasise the importance of the family for the students social development, while the others emphasise the influence of the childs social. In both cases, one agent chooses an amount of pressure to exert on another agent. Peer groups are very influential on childhood and adolescent social development, with peer group influence being at its highest during adolescence.
There is often controversy about the influence of a peer group versus parental influence, particularly during adolescence. For example, if an adult wants to try alcohol, he will confide the most in the person of hisher same age group. Conformity as a group of adolescent peer groups conformity is abundant in a group of adolescent peer groups. Friendships, peer influence, and peer pressure during the teen years maria r. A sample of 120 students comprising of equal number. The influence of the peer group typically peaks during adolescence, however, peer groups generally only affect shortterm interests, unlike the family which has a longterm influence. Published by sciedu press 42 issn 19250746 eissn 19250754 family, peer and school influence on childrens social development.
Explain how groups can influence people in positive and negative ways. Concept and examples of peer group and its role, cliques. Peer social influence child psychology doctor steve abel. Recent findings on peer group influences on adolescent. Peer influence and students dropout peer influence among secondary students, which is a kind of a social pressure on them to adopt a type of. All these occur, possibly with lack of parental supervision and control. Peer influence, peer status, and prosocial behavior mitch prinstein. The relationship with parents did not demonstrate the. Difference between peer pressure and peer influence. There is a certain age where people are influenced more by the peer circle instead of their parents and adults.
Most young people first use drugs, legal and illegal, with friends. Peer influence is very powerful, if you do not rise to the challenges that are put in front of you by your peers you could be banned from their group. Reading frequency was determined by responses to the question how often do you read books in your free time. Peer group influence, alcohol consumption, and secondary. Ines blazevic1, 1education and teacher training agency, croatia correspondence. Children learn from others and imitate what they see and hear, so peer influences play an essential role in development. Peer group has in one way or the other influenced the life of students both academically socially, morally, psychologically and otherwise. Influence of peer group relationship on the academic. Relationship between peer group influence and students.
Peer pressure or social pressure is the direct influence on people by peers, or the effect on an individual who gets encouraged to follow their peers by changing their attitudes, values or behaviors to conform to those of the influencing group or individual. In a group setting, teenagers can remain quiet or behave. But peer influence is a better way to describe how teenagers behaviour is shaped by wanting to feel they belong to a group of friends or peers. Peer groups contain hierarchies and distinct patterns of behavior. This can be a positive pressure or a negative pressure.
There is still ongoing debate on the nature versus nurture issue on the contributing factors for substance abuse. It is an effect that is associated with an engaged peer group and if initial political affiliations are held with some uncertainty then discussion within an engaged group can help clarify an individuals own affiliation on the leftrightwing scale with the result that there is regression to the mean in the form of a movement to the centre. The research was designed to examine the relationship between peer group influence and academic achievement of secondary school chemistry students in some selected secondary schools in jalingo metropolis of taraba state. Themes of peer support are discussed in terms of positive peer support, negative peer influence, peer relationships, and sense of community.
Peer pressure becomes an influence on behavior during adolescence delinquency is merely criminal behaviors that usually result from parents. Peer groups are healthy when they exert a positive influence, disastrous when rejection or negative pressure is involved. Pdf peer group and friend influences on the social acceptability. For example, your child might be influenced to become more assertive, try. In most adolescents belonging and complying with a peer group they see it as a way to gain personal security. Adolescence is identified as a stage when an individual undergoes a process of growing up in order to become an adult. In sociology, a peer group is both a social group and a primary group of people who have similar interests, age, background, or social status. The first strategy is to obtain selfreports by adolescents of the extent to which their behavior is the result of peer pressure or. Peer groups article about peer groups by the free dictionary. Understanding the nature of peer influence can help support youth as they enter into this period and follow the path towards close friendships that are. Specifically, we examine the theoretical explanations for how social influence works. Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky. This replication, which to our knowledge is the largest to examine peer influence on young children, improves on the generalizability and stability of prior findings.
Sometimes, peer group influence may lead to aggressive behaviour such as rioting in school. There is need to look into peer group relationship and individual approach to learning, membership of the peer group they belong and find out how factors such as sex, age, social status or ethnicity determine their membership in a group. Studies that define peer influence broadly are less able to distinguish the two, which has implications for how to tailor classroom practice. The members of this group are likely to influence the persons beliefs and behaviour.
There are several ways in which peers influence each other. Explain how groups can influence people in positive and. Second, peer influence is not a simple process where youth are passive recipients of influence from others. Step 5 5 minutes summarize the lesson by highlighting the following key points. Although peer pressure does not necessarily have to be negative, the term pressure implies that the process influences people to do things that may be resistant to, or might not otherwise choose to do. While it is undeniable that biology plays a significant role in humans substance use,4 focus will be on the environmental factors which includes family factors and peer influence. This is a precopyediting, authorproduced pdf of an article accepted for publication in. How can peer group influence the behavior of adolescents ncbi.
G1751 friendships, peer influence, and peer pressure. Thus the ways and manners by which peer group influence affects adolescents academic performance needed to be researched and documented. Whether you are a soccer mom driving the latest suv or a teen boy trying to choose the right clothes to fit in, peer influences play an important role in shaping who we become. Aims to determine the relationship of high school students on their peer groups, how they treat each other inside and outside the school premises and its influence on their academic performance in school. A program in which students learn in interdependent peer groups shows promise for preventing risky behaviors. It is important that peer influences boost socialization and learning that will have a positive effect on the child. Further support for the idea of heightened peer effects on risky behavior during adolescence comes from additional findings on the riskyshift. Group socialization theory is particularly suited to explain developmental differences between groups as a result of group.
The influence of peers can be both positive and negative. Education and teacher training agency, tolstojeva 32, 2 split, croatia. Peer group questionnaires and selfesteem questionnaires use the likert model rating scale to measure the attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of a person or group of people on a questionin question. Influence of peer groups to the selfesteem of lampung and. This thesis examines whether heightened levels of sensitivity to peer influence during adolescence extend to the influence of a peer audience on. Peer group definition of peer group by the free dictionary. Abstract this research work was carried out to examine the factors and effects of peer group influence on academic performance of adolescent students in niger state. The term peer pressure is used to describe the negative influence suggesting that young people act in ways that go against their attitudes or morals due to fear of denunciation by the peer group.
Since peer group plays a significant role in determining students academic performance either positively or negatively, this study, therefore, investigated the influence of peer group in adolescent students academic performance in private and government secondary schools. It may also lead to the decision to have a boy friendgirl friend, peer pressure indulges youth into loitering about in the streets, watching films and attending parties during school hours, taping as alternative to stealing which may eventually graduate into armed robbery. Peers with similar interests, similar academic standing, and enjoy doing the. Peer group and friend influences on the social acceptability of. This experiment shows how peer pressure clearly had quite an influence on the boys behaviour as the aggression felt towards the other group clearly wasnt personal as the negative behaviour was quickly forgotten once the experimenters took control.
Peer influence on a child can either be bad or good depending upon various situations. The term is most generally applied to children and adolescents, who experience a very different influence on their socialization by interacting in groups of their own age, as compared to the hierarchical family experience. Peer effects and academic achievement regression discontinuity approach arna vardardottir march 2, 2012 preliminary draft please do not cite abstract in this paper, i study ability peer effects in an icelandic high school. Peer group can also act as positive role model, for example, if one is involved with a group of people that are ambitious and working hard to attain high academic goals, one might feel pressured to follow suit to avoid feeling excluded from the group. Variables of peer influence include the ethnicity of the students, the socioeconomic background of the students, family relationships and group interests.
The study examined the impact of school environment and peer influence on the students academic performance. The impact of school environment and peer influences on students academic performance in vihiga county, kenya. When we analyse childrens social development and the influence of the family, peer and school on them it is important to know the basics of the theory of the social development. In general, recovery school staff members discuss peers in the school as sources of positive support and peers outside the schools as sources of risky influence.
Family, peer and school influence on childrens social. It is one of the strongest indicators of adolescent behavior problems. The extent of this influence, however, depends on other situational constraints, such as the age and personality of children and the nature of the group harris, 1998. A negative peer influence could be seen as one of the. Morgan m and grube jw 1991 closeness and peer group influence author postprint in british journal of social psychology. Strategies for inferring peer influence at least three strategies can be used to estimate peer influence. As a person is growing up and going through their teenage years especially, their life may be full off peer influence and this can get them into a lot of trouble. However, they dont agree on the extent and variables of that influence.
Starting from there, we draw upon theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence to understand how peers affect personality development across the lifespan. According to castrogiovanni 2002, a peer group is defined as a small group of. The peer group can influence what the child values, knows, wears, eats, and learns. Morgan m and grube jw 1991 closeness and peer group influence author postprint in british journal of social psychology, 30, 159169 accessed. The study assessed school environment factors and peer influences in terms of the level of psychological impact they have on learners. Second, it focuses on peer group processes to explain developmental differences that occur between different peer. Peers are people who are part of the same social group, so the term peer pressure means the influence that peers can have on each other. Research has examined peer influence in the context. Influence of peer groups essay example graduateway. The power of peer influence to address student behavioral. Beyond the influence of peers, having a group of friends can help you feel less lonely and offer support when you need it.
Because school is organized by teachers, changes that appear to be peer influences can instead be a. Social support network one of the primary advantages to having a peer group at any age is the support that can be obtained from a social network. Peer pressure can be said as a social phenomenon where a pressure is exerted by members of a society and a social group which influence on a persons behaviour though not always negative but majorly towards socially undesirable behaviour such as the ones. The impact of school environment and peer influences on. Peer pressure can be said as a social phenomenon where a pressure is exerted by members of a society and a social group which influence on a persons behaviour though not always negative but majorly towards socially undesirable behaviour such as the ones where people are resistant or not much inclined to do.
Peer groups columbia aging center columbia university. Peer influence in reading 4 in learning groups, while an indirect influence may occur via specific norms within a classroom of similar peers. Findings from the 2012 west australian study in adolescent book reading wasabr are analyzed to provide insight into these key areas, with. The key difference between peer pressure and peer influence is that peer pressure is the pressure from ones peers to act in a way that is acceptable to the others in the same group. Friend and peer group attitudes may impact upon the palatability of recreational book reading, and this impact may differ for gender. Influence of the peer group on the adolescent psychology essay. Peer pressure is the direct influence on an individual to change their attitude and behaviors so as to conform to those of the influencing group. The study was based on albert banduras social learning theory, which considers.
Peer group influence, alcohol consumption, and secondary school students. Peers with similar interests, similar academic standing, and enjoy doing the same things tend to gravitate towards each other. Mar 01, 2012 the aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of the peer group in risk behaviours, violence, in health, in wellbeing and in adolescents feelings about school. It is healthy and normal to want to belong to a peer group. In a large group, such as a crowd at school or a sports team, the peer pressure is generally unspoken and directed towards how to dress, how to interact, what music to listen to and what activities to engage in, according to the article adolescents and peer pressure, published on the university of michigan website 1. In fact, peers who become friends tend to already have a lot of things in com mon. How peers influence academic performance lovetoknow. The influence of peer group on the child is great both in and out of the school, because there is the tendency for members to be comfortable with group norms and values. Pdf increasing recreational reading is a priority in a climate of. For example, your child might be influenced to become more assertive, try new activities, or to get more involved with school. The influence of peer group on academic performance of. The effects of peer pressure on teenagers how to adult. Influence of peer groups in academic performance of high school students in school thesis statement. The peer group influence is one of the factors causing low academic performance.
Previous studies have focussed on peer influence on risktaking and little is known about the neural mechanisms of peer influence. Peer influence 2 on both the positive and negative roles of peer groups in adolescent socialization and academic performance. In understanding peer social influence in middle childhood, it will be important to investigate how these processes differ in girls and boys peer groups. Friend and peer group attitudes may impact upon the palatability of. Pdf effects of peer influences on academic performance. Peer group influence and academic performance of students. Peer groups definition of peer groups by the free dictionary. Pdf the purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of impact of social. This can result in either a positive or negative effect, or both. Peer pressure refers to the influence exerted by a peer group in encouraging a person to change hisher attitudes. Peer groups synonyms, peer groups pronunciation, peer groups translation, english dictionary definition of peer groups. The research methodology utilizes descriptive statistics with simple numbers and. Jan 17, 2020 peers are people who are part of the same social group, so the term peer pressure means the influence that peers can have on each other.
Peer groups have a large influence on a childs social development and it is important for a child to begin peer socialization at an early age bojczyk 2012. This research shows that childrens susceptibility to peer influence increases steadily between the ages of 9 and 14, then gradually declines as adolescents. Peer group influence and secondary school students attitudes towards. Negative influences in some peer groups, being smart is looked down upon. Two cultures theory suggests that boys groups may encourage misbehavior and support risk taking more than girls groups do. Peer pressure is the natural influence groups of people have on each other.
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